Which of the following describes bioterrorism?

Bioterrorism refers specifically to the intentional use of biological agents, such as pathogens, to cause harm or intimidation. This can involve bacteria, viruses, or toxins that can be used to harm individuals, populations, or even entire societies. The purpose of bioterrorism is often to instill fear, disrupt societal functioning, or achieve political objectives.

When considering the other options, the development of medical equipment and safe handling of biological materials focus on improving health systems and safety protocols rather than intentional harm. Similarly, research in microbiology for public health is aimed at understanding diseases to prevent outbreaks and improve health outcomes, rather than using biological materials for malicious intent. Thus, the correct choice distinctly highlights the malevolent use of pathogens, aligning closely with the definition of bioterrorism.