What term refers to the presence of ketones in the urine?

Ketonuria is the term that specifically refers to the presence of ketones in the urine. Ketones are organic compounds that are produced during the metabolism of fats when the body is in a state of ketosis, which can occur during fasting, uncontrolled diabetes, or when following a ketogenic diet. The detection of ketones in the urine can be an important indicator of metabolic conditions and can aid in diagnosing issues like diabetic ketoacidosis.

Other terms in the question are related to different substances found in urine. Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine, which can indicate various medical conditions such as infections or kidney stones. Proteinuria is the presence of abnormal levels of protein in the urine, suggesting potential kidney issues. Glycosuria denotes the presence of glucose in the urine, often associated with diabetes. Therefore, Ketonuria distinctly identifies the presence of ketones, making it the correct answer.