What is the study of the anatomy, growth, and diseases of the teeth called?

The study of the anatomy, growth, and diseases of the teeth is called odontology. This field encompasses various aspects of dental health, including understanding the structure of teeth, their development throughout a person's life, and the various diseases that can affect dental health. Odontology is crucial for diagnosing and treating dental issues, including cavities, gum disease, and other oral health concerns.

In contrast, ophthalmology focuses on eye health and vision-related issues, oncology deals with the study and treatment of cancer, and oliguria refers to a condition of reduced urine output, which is unrelated to dental studies. Thus, odontology distinctly represents the specific study of teeth, making it the appropriate answer to this question.