What is the name of the decimal measuring system based on the meter, liter, and gram?

The correct answer is the Metric system. This system is widely used around the world for scientific and everyday measurements and is based on units of ten. The metric system uses the meter for length, the liter for volume, and the gram for mass. Each of these units can be freely converted into larger or smaller units by moving the decimal point, such as converting meters to kilometers or grams to milligrams, which provides a straightforward way to handle measurements.

The distinctions between the metric system and the other systems highlighted in the options further clarify its significance. For instance, the Standard system usually refers to customary measurements used in the United States, which are not based on a decimal framework. The Imperial system is mainly used in the United Kingdom and includes units like inches and pounds, which can make calculations more complicated due to the absence of a uniform conversion factor. The Customary system primarily refers to the traditional measurements used in the U.S., which similarly do not follow the decimal structure that characterizes the metric system. This focus on consistent scaling and ease of use highlights why the metric system is favored in education, science, and international trade.