What is the medical term for fainting or temporary loss of consciousness?

The medical term for fainting or temporary loss of consciousness is "syncope." This condition is characterized by a brief lapse in consciousness typically resulting from a decrease in blood flow to the brain. Syncope can occur due to various reasons including a sudden drop in blood pressure, dehydration, or vasovagal responses. It is often a protective mechanism and can be benign, although it may also indicate an underlying health issue that requires further investigation.

In contrast, the other terms provided refer to different medical conditions. Amyloidosis is a disorder caused by the accumulation of amyloid protein in tissues and organs. Sepsis is a life-threatening response to infection that can lead to tissue damage and organ failure. Shock is a critical condition resulting from inadequate blood flow to the organs, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients required for cellular function. Each of these conditions represents specific and distinct medical concerns, making syncope the only term accurately describing the phenomenon of fainting.